a new translation for the 1556 preface!
Jun. 6th, 2024 07:02 pmImages from the Book of Lambspring
Jun. 2nd, 2024 06:50 pmAlchemy studies
Mar. 9th, 2024 09:26 amA Theogony of Numbers
Nov. 30th, 2023 06:14 pmThough there are some similarities, the process of Creation described by Iamblichus is not the same as the process of Creation described by Lubicz. Similarly, the process of Creation I describe below borrows from both Iamblichus and Lubicz, but differs from both as well.
The first dot represents the Monad, which contains everything potentially. All numbers come from the Monad, but the Monad is not considered a number. In isopsephy (assigning numbers to letters, then adding up the numbers of a word) (like gematria, but for Greek instead of Hebrew), the “Rule of Colel” is that one can be added or subtracted to the value of a word without affecting its value, since it really isn’t a number.
The Greeks considered odd numbers to be male and even numbers to be female. The Monad was considered even-odd. It had a dual nature, both the potential to be even and the potential to be odd. Observing this dual nature provokes scission; the Monad creates the Dyad.
| becomes | |. (The easiest metaphor for my understanding is to consider the Monad a bar magnet. It is one magnet with two natures: a positive pole and a negative pole.)
Written another way,
|
| |
This scission of the Monad to the Dyad can also be represented as
A
C B
A is a unity. B is a unity. C is a unity.
Three unities. A Trinity.
But BC is also a unity.
Four unities. A Tetrad.
But wait!
ABC is another unity, so five unities. A Pentad. (Iamblichus and Lubicz explain how to get to the Decad, but getting to the Pentad is far enough for this essay.)
Another way of describing the process of the Monad to the Pentad is
· 1 created 1,
|
|
· which made 2,
| |
· totaling 3,
| |
- Ain Soph creates Ain Soph Aur (so 1 creates 1).
- Ain Soph, as the Cosmic Egg, is split into Ouranos and Gaia (so 1 makes 2).
- Ouranos and Gaia make Kronos (so Kronos would have a value of 2, which doesn’t match with the traditional value of 3, but it is even, which does align with Kronos (and Binah) being on the left side of the Cabalistic Tree of Life and with Kronos reputation of consuming his children).
But after that, things aren’t so neat and tidy.
If Kronos is 2 and Rhea is 1, Zeus would be 3. Zeus being 3 would work, if Hera was 2. (Actually, it would work exceptionally well. Iamblichus considered the Pentad a representation of marriage, since it is formed of the first even (2) and the first odd (3). And Zeus and Hera’s marriage was celebrated as the Hieros Gamos, the Sacred Marriage. And William Stirling (in The Canon) mentioned that Hera was the feminine part of the androgynous Zeus. So androgynous Zeus would have a value of 5 and Lubicz said that the number 5 is the creator. But why would Hera have a value of 2?)
So let’s try a different triangle. We start with 1, with a dual nature, so scission creates 1 1.
1
1 1
1 and 1 create 2, so we have
1
1 1
2
The uppermost 1 is Kether. The 1 on the right is Chokmah, the “force” emanating from Kether. The 1 on the left is Binah, the Great Sea that receives the force (giving it form). When 2 is created, Kether continues to emanate, so we have
1
1 1
1 2 1
Two, according to Lubicz, is androgynous, containing a potential active nature (force) and a potential passive nature (form). Two can procreate with either force or form, making 3.
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
Since the active nature and the passive nature of Two procreated to make Three, they are no longer potential, but actual. (So Three isn’t androgynous, it is bisexual.)
The next iteration is
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
This pattern (known as Pascal’s Triangle, first described by Al-Karaji and later by Omar Khayyam) is based on a binomial (a + b) raised to a power x.
The first row is (a + b)0 = 1.
The second row is (a + b)1 = 1a + 1b. Using a = 1 and b = 1 (since 1 is our creative unity), we get 1 and 1.
The third row is (a + b)2 = 1a2 + 2ab + 1b2. Again, using a = 1 and b = 1, we get 1 2 1.
The fourth row is (a + b)3 = 1a2 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + 1b3, or 1 3 3 1.
From Lubicz, “As number (quality), 1 is abstract and becomes concrete only when it is 10, and 10 is 1 made concrete: 10 is the first power of 1!” (So if you consider Creation as taking four Trees (one for Atziluth, one for Briah, one for Yetzirah, and one for Assiah) then the second row of Pascal’s Triangle would represent Atziluth (the binomial to the first power, so Kether to Malkuth one time). The second row is the binomial to the second power, so another iteration of Kether to Malkuth.
Let’s try the theogony again…
(a + b)0 is Ain Soph and Ain Soph Aur
(a + b)1 is Ouranos and Gaia
(a + b)2 is Kronos and Rhea. Two is androgynous, so it procreates with the One on the left and the One on the Right.
(a + b)3 is Zeus. There are two Threes, which is fitting, since Three is bisexual. Zeus is masculine with Hera (producing Ares, et al) and with Demeter (producing Persephone). But Zeus is, at times, feminine (producing Athena and Dionysus). (And, in this triangle, the Threes produce the Six, which is Apollo!)
And then there is the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio of Creation alluded to earlier (1, 1, 2, 3, 5). I tried to make that work; I wanted to make that work. I could not make it work. And then I found Pascal’s Triangle, and that seems to work quite well. And then I found that the Fibonacci sequence is in Pascal’s Triangle!
Instead of
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
make the numbers left aligned
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
and then add the numbers on the diagonal.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fibonacci_in_Pascal_triangle.png
It seems important that the line going through 6 (Apollo) is 13 (Death/Transformation). And it also seems important that the line going through the first 10 is 21 (a cycle of the Tarot Trumps, perhaps?). But those are meditations for another day.
Updates to My Metaphor
Aug. 4th, 2023 08:07 pmAs I was working on this, I reread some Cosmic Doctrine and had some ideas for another way of organizing my hexagram-Tree:

Starting with Ain, then to the first duality: Movement and Space. Movement and Space create Ring Cosmos (Ain Soph), which creates Ring Chaos (Soph), which results in the Ring Pass Not. The system of Rings is The Absolute.
When Ring Pass Not completes its first full revolution, the Cosmos is in being.
And, once the Ring system is complete, Ring Cosmos pulls to the Center, creating Kether and Ain Soph Aur. Then the Rays form (Chokmah), then the Circles (Planes) form (Binah). Pairs of Rays intersect, creating Tangentials. The Tangentials create Vortices. The Vortices create Prime Atoms. The system of Rays and Circles is The Cosmos.
The Prime Atoms travel the Rays; when a Prime Atom completes the circuit of Rays, it can become a Great Entity. The Great Entity of our Solar System is The Logos.
Atoms that are less complicated than Prime Atoms are Cosmic Atoms. (Fortune describes them as 'brethren'.) Cosmic Atoms move, creating Tracks in Space. Those Tracks in Space are Divine Sparks (Spirit). The Great Entity projects organization (Chesed) and relationship (Geburah?) onto the Cosmic Atoms, creating Planetary Spirits.
I am not satisfied with the hexagram I created for the Lords of Flame, Form, and Mind. Perhaps a square would be more appropriate, but I will ponder that more after I start working with the Golden Section Fellowship curriculum.
Next I shall ponder Herakles...
Thoughts on the Cube (part 3)
Jul. 13th, 2023 08:50 pmLevi divides the Tree into three Worlds: the Mystical (Divine), the Metaphysical (Moral), and the Material (Physical). These are labeled on the picture below.

Ring Cosmos condenses to a point (Kether). Where Ring Cosmos *was* is Ain Soph Aur, the Divine Light that is a reflection of Ain Soph. In The Doctrine of High Magic, Chapter 8, Levi states that the Astral Light is an expression of the Intellectual Light and the Intellectual Light is an expression of the Divine Light. These are labelled on the picture below.

In his Chapter 4 commentary, JMG writes that the Astral Light is the fourth emanation of the life principle. The Sun is the third emanation, the Mind is the second emanation, and One is the first. These are labelled on the picture below.

In his Chapter 6 commentary, JMG provides the hint that Reason, Necessity, and Liberty are the Ternary of the Great Arcanum. He then says that from these, the Great Magical Agent is created, with a two-fold form of attraction and repulsion. Levi discussed the Great Magical Agent in terms of four forces (Heat, Light, Electricity, and Magnetism. These are labelled on the picture below.

Levi states that "to understand the movements of… the Sun, so as to be able to benefit from its currents and direct them, is to have accomplished the Great Work, and it is to be master of the world." My interpretation of that statement is the 'movement of the Sun' is the Great Arcanum and the understanding of the Great Arcanum is the result of the Great Work. Levi also states the Great Work results in the creation of the Stone of the Philosophers (which is sometimes represented by a Cube and sometimes by a hexagram and is sometimes described as a 'unified will').
Levi describes the Cube as having the following Tetragrammaton pairs on opposite sides, each representing one way of looking at the Great Arcanum:
- ShLMH--God
- ADAM--HEVA
- AZOT--INRI
Levi also includes two diagrams that appear to be related to the Cube:


The top and bottom faces of the Cube would align to the Alpha and Omega in Levi's hexagram, which are both along the central axis of the hexagram, indicating equilibrium. God would have the Alpha position; ShLMH (Solomon) would have the Omega position. Levi has previously referred to the TARO as AZOT, so AZOT would go on the left side and INRI would go on the right side.
For ADAM and HEVA, Levi gives a hint by the spelling he chooses for Eve. Rather than HVH or Cheth-Vau-Heh, he chose a spelling that ended with the letter Aleph, the first magical virtue, to will. So I place HEVA on the right and ADAM on the left. Since AZOT is the receptacle of forms, AZOT would go on the upper left (the Heh) and Adam would go on the lower left (the Yod). Since INRI is resurrection (which begins and ends with a Yod), INRI would go on the bottom right (since rebirth happens in the Great Sea, a Heh). HEVA, starting with a Heh and ending with Aleph, would go on the upper right.
And which way does the Astral Light circulate? Both! One current travels clockwise, the other counterclockwise.
So have we finished creating the Philosopher's Stone? I don't think so…
In Spiritual Alchemy, the Alchemist strives to purify his Soul so it can reunite with his Spirit. The Soul is often represented by the Moon; the Spirit, by the Sun. What would happen to our Tree if Yesod (the Moon) united with Tiphareth (the Sun), so the human will was unified? Perhaps the Adept achieves 'sovereign will' (and his mental body) and becomes king of the elementary world, the Kingdom of Malkuth? His physical body would be shed, and his Malkuth would be as the Kether of the next World.
As the Serpent said,
You shall never die,
[because those who have learned the Great Secret are not subject to Fate and are freed of the Wheel of Destiny]
but you will
[achieve sovereign will and become King? Or perhaps it should be
But you Will, as Aleph the Magician,
become as gods
[by Divining… reading the Astral by prophecy and acting upon the Astral by miracles]
knowing good and evil
[both currents of the Astral, the volatile and the fixed].

Thank you for reading about my attempt to Solve and Coagula a meaning of the Cube. I think there is more understanding to unpack, but first I am going to revisit My Metaphor and update it with my new understandings. And then perhaps I'll revisit Herakles and see if he has more I am ready to learn. And then I'll come back to the Cube, unless I am sent on another Quest first. :-)
Thoughts on the Cube (part 1)
Jul. 11th, 2023 08:03 pmI decided I needed to start back at the beginning. So I re-re-read the chapters of Levi that the book club has already discussed. I re-re-read JMG's commentaries on those chapters. I read Virgin of the World, by Hermes Trismegistus, which Levi recommended we read. And I re-re-read some Cosmic Doctrine, by Dion Fortune.
I found all sorts of ideas and descriptions that I missed my first time (and second time) (and third time) reading, but still couldn't make things fit together until I decided to trust in JMG: there are no wrong answers in meditations. :-)
So this post (or perhaps series of posts) will describe ideas that I've studied and how I've organized them so they make sense to me. I've made some diagrams, too, and will post them below the explanations.
In JMG's commentary on The Doctrine of High Magic: Chapter 4, he posted a version of the Tree of Life based on Levi's version of the tree.
Levi's version has Yod-Heh in the upper triangle, Vau in the central hexalpha, and then Heh in the square/circle, spelling YHVH, the Tetragrammaton. JMG's version doesn't include Hebrew letters, but it is color-coded. The upper triangle is yellow (typically associated with Air), the hexalpha is made of a red triangle and a blue triangle (typically associated with Fire and Water), and the square/circle is green (typically associated with Earth).The Hebrew alphabet (and the Tarot, according to Levi), do not start with Yod. They start with Aleph. And there is a Tetragrammaton that starts with Aleph... Aleph-Heh-Yod-Heh. I have read various translations of AHYH and YHVH, but my favorites are "I will be" (AHYH) and "I am" (YHVH).
It seems logical that AH would precede the YH on Levi's Tree, but the closest thing he has for that is some roundish shading behind the upper triangle. I suspected that was a sneaky reference to Ain/Ain Soph/Ain Soph Aur, the universe (for lack of a better word) prior to Tzimtzum. Somehow those were related to AH, but how?
The images of the cabalistic Tree of Life that I have encountered in my readings and in Internet searches either do not include Ain/Ain Soph/Ain Soph Aur or include them as concentric circles around the Supernal Triad (the upper triangle) or as concentric circles around the entire Tree. The idea of concentric circles around the Tree (or part of the Tree) did not help my understanding, but Hall (Secret Teachings of All Ages) explains the Spheres as a series of concentric circles instead of a Tree. That still didn't help me with understanding AH and Ain/Ain Soph/Ain Soph Aur, but it did give me an idea. The Spheres, normally represented as a Tree, can be represented as concentric circles. Well, as below, so above... then Ain/Ain Soph/Ain Soph Aur, normally represented as concentric circles, can also be represented as a Tree.
It seemed like a slightly heretical thought at first, and I spent much time trying to come up with an alternative, but I couldn't. I tried using a circle first (to have symmetry with Malkuth), but that didn't work. Then I tried a triangle. But which way to orient the triangle? Would the Supernal Triad mimic the "Ain Triangle" exactly, or would it be a reflection?
At the time, I was operating with a 'definition' of Ain being "One". So I drew an upward-pointing triangle, with Ain at the top. Ain Soph was assigned the bottom right of the triangle; Ain Soph Aur was assigned the bottom left. Aleph and Heh were in the middle of the triangle, reminiscent of Yod-Heh for the Supernal Triad.
Ain is frequently described as the Unmanifest. It is One. (At least, that was my thinking at the time.) Ain Soph is frequently described as Limitless. Ain Soph Aur is described as Limitless Light. Ain Soph contracted from Ain, leaving Ain Soph Aur. (The contraction is the Tzimtzum.) I struggled with the duality of Ain Soph and Ain Soph Aur. I understood they both came from Ain (a Unity), but they don't really seem to be on the same scale. For example, hot and cold are two extremes of temperature. Wet and dry are two extremes of moisture. But what is the scale for Limitless and Limitless Light?
Fortune (The Cosmic Doctrine) provided a clue. She states that the prime duality is Movement and Space--Movement being Active, Space being Passive. So the Unity of Ain did not create the duality of Ain and Ain Soph; it created the duality of Movement and Space. My Ain triangle could then be an Ain hexalpha! The Unity of Ain resolves into the Duality of Movement and Space. And I would need a Duality to resolve into a Unity. Again, help from Fortune. After Movement and Space, Fortune describes the creation of Ring Cosmos and Ring Chaos, which result in Ring Pass Not. So my resolution would be Ring Pass Not. Ain Soph (Limitless) seemed a good fit for the active side of the tree. But Ain Soph Aur still didn't seem like a good fit.
Happy synchronicity! Steve T, on another JMG post, discussed Plotinus and his description of the One. The napkin-sketch version of my understanding of Plotinus' One is that we cannot really describe it, because any description implies something it is not and that is incorrect, because it is a unity. So I researched to see if there was another translation of Ain and I found one: No. (because nothing can describe it!) Ah! So Ain Soph really doesn't mean "limitless", it means "no limits". And what is the other extreme? "limits". So Ain Soph for the active, Soph for the passive, resolving into Ring Pass Not.
Interestingly, Ain is spelled Aleph-Yod-Nun, Nun having a similar gematria as Heh (Nun = 50, Heh = 5) and a similar meaning. And another interesting tidbit (from The Body and Its Symbolism by de Souzenelle) is that after AHYH and YHZH comes Yod-Shin, which she translated as 'to have'. I will be, I am, I have? I didn't like that. But an online Hebrew translator translates Yod-Shin as Yes. So we start with No and end with Yes. That I like.
Below is my first diagram. I have a few more and will work on getting them (and their explanations) posted soon.
Thanks for reading!

My Herakles Quest
Mar. 14th, 2023 07:06 pmMy quest started as I studied John Gilbert and John Michael Greer’s The Tree of Life and the Wheel of the Year (available here: http://aoda.org/publications/articles-on-druidry/treeoflife/). I created a document to organize all the correspondences of the Tree and the Wheel (available here: https://randomactsofkarmasc.dreamwidth.org/665.html). I thought aligning the Labors to the Wheel would not be difficult, since they supposedly followed the Zodiac. (Ha! I was so wrong...)
The myths are thousands of years old. They have been told and retold and translated and adapted many many times. I make no claim that I have studied the ‘correct’ or ‘true’ version of the myths, only that I followed my intuition and that led me to many insights. Some of these insights are shared in the documents linked below.
Within the documents, I referenced sources that provided images or specific information. I have created a separate document that lists all the books, articles, blogs, and websites I have read during this quest. I don’t agree with the contents of all these sources, but they all provided valuable meditation topics which influenced my thinking.
As always, I consider this effort to be a work in progress and I welcome comments and suggestions for further research and reading.
1. Herakles and Astronomy
2. Herakles and the Zodiac
3. Herakles and the Path of Initiation
4. Herakles and the Virtues
5. Herakles References
References for my Herakles' Quest
Feb. 13th, 2023 07:40 pmHerakles' References
My Metaphor
Nov. 21st, 2022 07:30 pmMy Metaphor
My Metaphor 2 ed.
Quest Update
Nov. 21st, 2022 06:37 pmIn the readings I have done, the Path of Manifestation is counter-clockwise; the Path of Initiation (or Ascension) is clockwise. Herakles' Labors are frequently referred to as a metaphor for the Zodiac and as a Path of Initiation. I happened across an article (The Zodiac Dodecahedron) that referenced the mathematician Paul Schatz, who mapped the constellations of the Zodiac on a 2D net that could be folded into a dodecahedron. Since I had been unsuccessful in determining a sequence of the Zodiac constellations to correspond with the Labors, I thought I would try aligning the Labors to the signs instead. The instructions for constructing the dodecahedron from that article were rather confusing and I searched the Internet for an alternative and found another article (Time for Provocative Mnemonic Aids to Systemic Connectivity).
This site provided a much simpler 2D net of the dodecahedron:

I printed it out, then cut, folded, and taped it to make a dodecahedron of Zodiac signs to study. (It was much easier for me to "see" the following having a 3D version I could hold and turn.)
Compare the dodecahedron of signs to a map of the constellations:

from https://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs10s/blackhux.php

from https://www.maclab.sk/clanky/zverokruh/en-ring.png
The author of Provocative Mnemonic Aids commented,
Similarly, a clockwise path is possible, traveling from constellation to opposite constellation, with the corresponding signs on the dodecahedron being contiguous. That is, until the path reaches one of the Equinoxes. The signs of Virgo and Pisces (which both immediately preceed the Equinoxes in the calendar year) are opposite each other on the dodecahedron. And there is one path (traveling clockwise) and one path (traveling counter-clockwise) that touches each opposite constellation/contiguous sign in order, ending with the Equinoxes. (And we can thank the Herakles' myth for providing an explanation why the Pillars are separated. :-) )
Have fun finding the Paths!
Update on my Quest
Oct. 30th, 2022 03:23 pmSo here's an overview of where my thinking is at so far (without doing proper attributions, for the most part, because that requires organized notes. I have lots of notes, they just aren't organized yet.)
1. JG/JMG developed a way to align the 10 Spheres of the Cabala to the Wheel of Life (which has 8 stations).
2. I was studying Ogham stuff (for my AODA curriculum) and noticed it could be aligned to the Wheel of Life, too. I did an summary of things aligned to the Wheel from JMG, Hall, and Hidalgo, mostly to help me with Ogham.
3. Then I read in Secret Teachings (a book I am slowly working my way through) that some believe the Zodiac used to have 10 signs (Virgo-Scorpio was one sign and the Greeks added Libra to make things symmetrical).
4. I located one of Hall's references and tried to read just the section regarding the Zodiac, but it was too interesting and I ended up reading the whole book.
5. Meanwhile, another Dreamwidther posted something that led me to the Five Stages of Greek Religion book. And somewhere along the way, I had read the Herakles 12 Labors could be aligned to the Zodiac. And also that Herakles originally had 10 Labors, but the King assigned two more, because he thought two of them shouldn't count.
6. Gadzooks! So Herakles used to have 10 Labors and the Zodiac used to have 10 signs?!? Quest accepted.
7. The Five Stages of Greek Religion mentioned one author who thought Herakles was a consort of Hera. I tried to find that reference, but could not. Instead, I found an article that referenced the same author, plus several more who tried to figure out who Herakles was in relation to Hera (and what does Herakles really translate to?) (The version I like so far is that Zeus was the head deity of one culture that 'consumed' another culture (invaded? maybe, maybe not...) and that Hera was the head deity of the second culture. To peacefully coexist, the cultures blended their pantheons and Zeus gave up his first wife (Hebe) and Hera gave up her consort (Herakles), so Zeus and Hera could be together (and eventually Herakles and Hebe got together) (but this isn't really relevant for my Quest, other than reinforcing the idea that you really should not take myths literally... there are many many layers of meaning.)) Back to the Quest:
8. Herakles' Labor (ten/twelve) align to the Zodiac.
9. Herakles is a solar deity... he 'fell' to humanity and had to redeem himself to be divine again.
10. Herakles' path to divinity was in two parts: the Twelve Labors and Jason/Argonauts/Golden Fleece. The Twelve Labors represent a Path of Initiation. Which initiation? Well, before he went to Hades, Herakles was initiated into the Lesser Eleusinian Mysteries, so I'm assuming that Initiation. And that makes Jason and the Argonauts the Path of the Greater Mystery (which results in achieving the Magnum Opus, the Golden Fleece).
11. The Lesser Mysteries are about transmuting Lead to Silver (joining your Mind and Soul to reflect the Divine); the Greater Mysteries are about transmuting Silver to Gold (rejoining the Divine).
12. So now my Herakles' Quest relates to the Zodiac, the Wheel of Life, and Alchemy!
13. I spent much time trying to figure out how I could fit the Zodiac on the Wheel of Life without it being arbitrary. I read up on Astrology and found some interesting tidbits (Herakles had Pillars and the colures are considered the Pillars of the Cosmos!). And then had several references to the Dendera Zodiac show up in books and online. (The Dendera Zodiac is Egyptian and is shaped into an octagon!)
14. However, I also found that the Lesser Mysteries refer to two sixth-month periods (which makes 12, the Zodiac) and the Greater Mysteries had a ceremony that lasted 9 days (and the second day involved being in the ocean, which seems like a fairly obvious Binah reference), so I'm thinking the Greater Mysteries/Golden Fleece will end up being aligned with the Wheel of Life (and the Spheres of the Cabala) and the Lesser Mysteries/Twelve Labors will end up being aligned with the Zodiac.
So, my current plan is to organize my notes and find gaps and research/meditate to fill in those gaps. I am hoping to be able to align Herakles' Labors to the Zodiac and to the stages of spiritual alchemy as described in the Book of Lambspring (which provided the images used by the Octagon Society). Then I am going to go through the curriculum of the Octagon Society again, to see what I missed the first time. And then, maybe, I'll have a better understanding of Herakles.
If you have any resources you think I should read to help me on my Quest, let me know. At some point, I'll start a separate post to document the books, articles, and websites I've used so far, in case some of you find the Herakles Quest interesting, too. :-)
Thanks!
Some of the correspondences are in lists. Some are in tables. Some are in prose. My favorite, though, is JMG's graphic of eight circles in a circle around a central circle.
I've expanded on his idea, creating a series of circles to organize the correspondences of the eight festivals, the Spheres, the Tarot, the Elements, the Ogham, and the phases of the Moon. I haven't included any new insights, just tried to organize the information so I could see the relationships easier. (I did assign Tarot cards for Tiphareth and Yesod, though.) The graphics are linked below as a PDF.
Wheel of Year - Tree of Life
How to Make a Chainmail Hexafoil
Sep. 22nd, 2021 07:00 pmHelm Flower
What is a Hexafoil?
A hexafoil is a geometric design created by overlapping circles. The prefix ‘hexa’ means six, implying six overlapping circles, though many designs found in architecture and art contain more than six circles.
If you would like to learn more about hexafoils and their uses, follow the “More About Hexafoils” links included at the bottom of this page.
These instructions are for creating a chainmail hexafoil based on the helm chain pattern. This design is sometimes referred to as a helm chain flower or just a helm flower.
Materials
To make this hexafoil, you need:
- Two small-nosed pliers
- 9 jump rings, 6mm outer diameter (OD), 21 gauge
- 3 jump rings, 4mm OD, 21 gauge
For the 6mm jump rings, I used 3 gold, 3 silver, and 3 copper. You can use all the same color, if you wish.
For the 4mm jump rings, I used brass.
These are ‘standard’ jump rings available at hobby stores, in the jewelry findings section. If you get ‘heavy’ gauge jump rings, you will need to get larger rings. If the OD of the heavy gauge jump ring is 6mm, the inner diameter will be smaller and you will have a difficult time fitting the rings through.
If you want to attach your hexafoil to something, you will need additional jump rings.
Tips!
Tip 1

Tip 2
Make sure you close all of your rings neatly before you get started.
Yes, you will be opening some back up, but making them tidy to start with will save you some aggravation when you don’t want to put your piece down to close a ring before you use it.
This ring is NOT neat and tidy.
This ring IS neat and tidy.
Tip 3

When you open a ring, one side is ‘up’ and the other side is ‘down’. Sometimes it is easier to weave a ring through a hoop if the ‘up’ and ‘down’ sides are reversed, so if you are having difficulty getting a ring through another ring, try opening it the opposite way.
Tip 4

Lay out your rings.
3 silver 6mm rings
3 copper 6mm rings
3 brass 4mm rings

This pattern has three layers. The graphics have different shades to represent the layers, with the darkest shade being the bottom layer and the lightest shade being the top layer.
Tip 5

I lay out my rings in the pattern I am going to make.
This is not required, but when I am doing a pattern for the first time, I find it helpful.
Step 1

Start by linking two 6mm jump rings together (pictured are gold and silver) with a 4mm jump ring (pictured is brass).
Then, use another 4mm jump ring to add a third 6mm ring. (If you are using my color scheme, the third ring is copper.)
Step 2

You now have a chain of three 6mm jump rings held together with two 4mm jump rings.

My chain is copper-brass-gold-brass-silver.
As you follow the instructions below, it doesn’t really matter which color ring you add first or second, etc., so long as you put the ring in the correct position.
Step 3

Lay your chain flat.
Next, use a 4mm jump ring to connect your first and last 6mm ring.
It is VERY important that your rings are all oriented the same way. If your chain gets twisted, you will not be able to add the middle and top layers properly.
Step 4

Make sure your 6mm jump rings are able to lay flat after you’ve added the third 4mm ring.
Step 5

Place a copper ring OVER (not through) the 4mm ring that is opposite to the copper ring on the first layer. At this point, it isn’t attached to anything. It is just loose on top of the ring.
(You may find it easier to hold your rings, rather than laying them flat. I do, but I had to lay them down to take pictures.)
Step 6

Open a 6mm gold ring. (NOT the one already being used!)
While holding your loose copper ring over the brass ring, weave the open gold ring through the brass ring that is inside the copper ring.
Step 7

Close the gold ring.
Step 8

Now you are going to do the same thing again, but with different color rings.
In my picture, I’ve placed a gold 6mm ring over the brass 4mm ring opposite the gold ring I just placed.
(In other words, the single gold ring in the middle layer is opposite the gold ring pair-top and bottom layer.)
Step 9

Open one of your 6mm silver rings (that isn’t already being used!) and weave it through the brass ring that is inside the gold ring AND weave it through the brass ring that is inside the copper ring (from the previous step). Close the silver ring.
(This is one of those places that you just can’t seem to get the ring to weave through, try opening the ring the opposite way.)
Step 10

At this point, your hexafoil should look like this.
- The bottom layer has three 6mm rings: copper, gold, and silver.
- The middle layer has two 6mm: copper and gold.
- The top layer has two 6mm rings: gold and silver.
Step 11

Open an unused 6mm silver ring. Weave it AROUND the brass ring (that doesn’t have a middle-layer 6mm ring around it yet) and UNDER the gold ring in your TOP layer. Close the silver ring.
Step 12

Open a 6mm copper ring (that isn’t already being used!) and weave it through the brass ring inside the silver ring AND the brass ring inside the gold ring. (If you have difficulty getting the copper ring through both, try opening the ring the opposite way.)
Step 13
Find the first ring you attached to the top layer. (If you are using colors like mine, it is gold.) It is through the brass ring inside the middle-layer copper ring. You need to carefully open the gold ring, keep it inside the brass ring inside the copper ring, and weave it through the brass ring inside the silver ring.
Ta-da!

Your hexafoil is complete!
How to Attach your Helm Flower

I added a 4mm brass ring (around my top layer and bottom layer gold rings) with a 6mm silver ring to my hexafoil, so I could attach it to things...

...such as my work ID badge holder.

You could also attach it to a bail and then hang it on a necklace.
Want to learn more about Hexafoils?
These are some blogs with more information about hexafoils:
- Deploying Apotropaic Symbols
- More Adventures in Sacred Geometry
- More posts on hexafoils, mandalas, and geometry
